1. Ephraim feeds on wind, and chases the east wind. He continually multiplies lies and desolation. They make a covenant with Assyria, and oil is carried into Egypt.
2. Yahweh also has a controversy with Judah, and will punish Jacob according to his ways; according to his deeds he will repay him.
3. In the womb he took his brother by the heel; and in his manhood he contended with God.