1. These are the nations that the lord left in the land to test those Israelites who had not experienced the wars of Canaan.
2. He did this to teach warfare to generations of Israelites who had no experience in battle.
3. These are the nations: the Philistines (those living under the five Philistine rulers), all the Canaanites, the Sidonians, and the Hivites living in the mountains of Lebanon from Mount Baal-hermon to Lebo-hamath.
4. These people were left to test the Israelites—to see whether they would obey the commands the lord had given to their ancestors through Moses.