1. These are the nations that the lord left in the land to test those Israelites who had not experienced the wars of Canaan.
2. He did this to teach warfare to generations of Israelites who had no experience in battle.
3. These are the nations: the Philistines (those living under the five Philistine rulers), all the Canaanites, the Sidonians, and the Hivites living in the mountains of Lebanon from Mount Baal-hermon to Lebo-hamath.
4. These people were left to test the Israelites—to see whether they would obey the commands the lord had given to their ancestors through Moses.
5. So the people of Israel lived among the Canaanites, Hittites, Amorites, Perizzites, Hivites, and Jebusites,
6. and they intermarried with them. Israelite sons married their daughters, and Israelite daughters were given in marriage to their sons. And the Israelites served their gods.
7. The Israelites did evil in the lord’s sight. They forgot about the lord their God, and they served the images of Baal and the Asherah poles.
8. Then the lord burned with anger against Israel, and he turned them over to King Cushan-rishathaim of Aram-naharaim. And the Israelites served Cushan-rishathaim for eight years.
9. But when the people of Israel cried out to the lord for help, the lord raised up a rescuer to save them. His name was Othniel, the son of Caleb’s younger brother, Kenaz.
10. The Spirit of the lord came upon him, and he became Israel’s judge. He went to war against King Cushan-rishathaim of Aram, and the lord gave Othniel victory over him.