1. These are the names of the sons of Israel who, accompanied by their households, entered into Egypt with Jacob:
2. Reuben, Simeon, Levi and Judah;
3. Issachar, Zebulun and Benjamin;
4. Dan and Naphtali; Gad and Asher.
5. The total number of Jacob’s direct descendants was seventy. Joseph was already in Egypt.
6. Now Joseph and all his brothers and that whole generation died.
7. But the Israelites were fruitful and prolific. They multiplied and became so very numerous that the land was filled with them.
8. Then a new king, who knew nothing of Joseph, rose to power in Egypt.
9. He said to his people, “See! The Israelite people have multiplied and become more numerous than we are!
10. Come, let us deal shrewdly with them to stop their increase; otherwise, in time of war they too may join our enemies to fight against us, and so leave the land.”
11. Accordingly, they set supervisors over the Israelites to oppress them with forced labor. Thus they had to build for Pharaoh the garrison cities of Pithom and Raamses.
12. Yet the more they were oppressed, the more they multiplied and spread, so that the Egyptians began to loathe the Israelites.