1. Ephraim herds the wind and is pursuing the east wind all day long; he multiplies deception and violence and he makes a treaty with Assyria, and oil is brought to Egypt.
2. Yahweh has a quarrel with Judah and will punish Jacob according to his ways and repay him according to his deeds.
3. In the womb he deceived his brother, and in his manhood he struggled with God.